The era of medicine of precision and customization – i.e. In this context, high throughput sequencing (NGS) of patient samples is instrumental to unravel the underlying genetic abnormalities. This also applies to solid tumors and rare cancers types, for which the mutational landscape remains to be thoroughly characterized. Although a number of recurrently mutated genes have already been identified in leukemia of both myeloid and lymphoid origins, a number of rare and/or aggressive leukemia subtypes, for which the driving oncogenes are poorly characterized, still require in depth analyses. Many cell intrinsic factors can contribute to leukemia initiation, development and maintenance, including mutations affecting signaling pathways, metabolic genes, splicing components and epigenetic regulators, leading to acquisition of several cancer hallmarks ( Manolio et al., 2013). Leukemia comprises a heterogeneous group of deadly blood cancers resulting from abnormal or impaired hematopoietic cell differentiation and stem cell function.
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